Aug
23
A significant number of institutions previously unknown in the ancient world had its origin on the medieval Islamic world, the most notable examples, the public hospital (which replaced healing temples), the public library, university graduate and an observatory as a research institute (rather than simply as a place).
The first universities were awarded diplomas Bimaristan; university medical hospitals medieval Islamic world, where medical diplomas were given to students of Islamic medicine who were qualified to practice as medical doctors from the ninth century. Sir John Bagot Blugg wrote about:
“In the days of Mamun, the medical schools were extremely active in Baghdad. The first free public hospital was opened in Baghdad during the caliphate of Harun al-Rashid. By developing this system, physicians and surgeons were asked to give lessons in school doctors, and gave diplomas to those who felt qualified to practice medicine. The first hospital in Egypt was opened in 872, and thereafter jumped all across the Empire, from Al-Andalus (Spain) to Persia (Iran). “
The Guinness Book of Records recognizes the University of Al Karaouine in Fez (Morocco), founded in 859, as the oldest university in the world. Al-Azhar University, founded in Cairo (Egypt) in the tenth century, offering a wide variety of academic rankings, including post-graduate studies, and is often regarded as the first comprehensive university.
On the tenth century, Cordoba had 700 mosques, 60,000 buildings and 70 libraries, most of which grew to 600,000 books. At the time, were published annually in Al-Andalus at least 60,000 treated, poems, polemics and compilations. The library of Cairo had half a million books, while in Tripoli said that had at least three million book before it was destroyed by the crusaders. The number of important and original works of science that has survived is much greater than the combined total of all Greek and Roman classical works on this subject, that in his time were much greater in number, and which are the Arab huge debt of gratitude. However, only a small fraction of the Arab survivors has been studied, and of this, only a few have been published.
Certain properties of the modern library were introduced in the Islamic world, where libraries not only served as a collection of manuscripts, as was the case in ancient libraries, but also as public libraries and loans, a center for training and dissemination science and ideas, a place for meeting and discussion, and in some cases, accommodation for students, as a dormitory for students. The concept of ‘catalog’ in libraries was also introduced in medieval Islamic libraries, where books were organized into genres and categories.
Another common feature during the Golden Age of Islam was the large number of Muslim scholars, or universal genius, scholars who contributed to many different fields of knowledge. Muslim scholars were known as ‘Hakims’, and they boasted of a great breadth of knowledge in many different fields of knowledge, both religious and secular, comparable to later Renaissance men like Leonardo da Vinci. The academic scholars were very common during the Golden Age of Islam, and it was rare to find an academic specializing in one field of knowledge.
The writer Ziauddin Sardar writes:
Scholars such as al-Biruni, al-Jahiz, al-Kindi, Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Razi, Ibn Sina, al-Idrisi, Ibn Bajja, Omar Khayyam, Ibn Zuhr, Ibn Tufail, Ibn Rushd, al-Suyuti, and thousands of other scholars were not the exception but the rule in the Muslim civilization. The Muslim civilization of the classical period was notable for the large number of scholars was multifaceted. It shows the homogeneity of Islamic philosophy of science, and its emphasis on synthesis, interdisciplinary research and multiple methods.
Other Muslim scholars were Muhammad, Ya `far as-Sadiq, Jabir ibn Hayyan, al-Khwarizmi, the Banu Musa brothers, Abbas Ibn Firnas, al-Farabi, al-Masudi, al-Muqaddasi, Alhacaba, Omar Khayyam, al-Ghazali , al-Khazini, al-Jazari, Ibn al-Nafis, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, Ibn al-Shatir, Ibn Khaldun and Taqi al-Din, among many others.
Source : http://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoca_de_aur_a_islamului
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